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Almost all children have experienced school phobia. Among the causes of school phobia, the maternal factor may not have been considered at all.Dec. Perhaps you are the cause of your child’s school phobia. I mean, moms! A child who has just started school or the fear experienced during the return to school after a short vacation, anxiety turns into a phobia over time. So, what are the precautions that families can take at this point? What role do mothers play in the formation of school phobia?

Expert Psychologist Sümeyye Arslan from the Department of Psychology of Private Meltem Hospital gave important information about the causes of school fear and school phobia developing in children and the precautions to be taken.

How do we know that school fear has turned into a school phobia?
Having a fear of school in children who have just started school, experts consider it natural and normal for various worries and worries to take place. As a result of a study conducted, it has been found that the fear that children who have just started school feel from the first day of the week decreases towards the end of the week, anxiety disappears at the weekend, and it is resurrected at the beginning of the week.

As a result of this research, the fact that children have anxiety and anxiety at certain times is not considered as a school phobia. If a child who goes to school is experiencing fear, anxiety and tension, now he is taking refuge in excuses to get the school out of his life, at this point we can make determinations that the fear of school has turned into a school phobia. So, what are the main symptoms of this school phobia?

How do we understand the symptoms of school phobia?
School phobia is a time when school fears are increasingly on the rise. Concrete behaviors that we can Decipher among the symptoms of school phobia are;

* Being distressed and prone to crying,

* An irritable attitude, insomnia and increased aggression with it,

* Behaviors such as constant headache, nausea and not eating at the table are among the most prominent features of school phobia. Dec.

The time period in which these symptoms are most common can be defined as the moments when school hours are approaching. So, do you have any idea what are the main reasons behind not wanting to go to school? Often, unimaginable reasons can trigger school phobia. One of them is the role of a very overprotective mother.

Is the overprotective mother the main reason for the formation of school phobia?
Among the reasons for the formation of school phobia, mothers come at the first place of the list. Dec. Mothers constantly protect their children against internal and external factors while raising their children. However, this protective and attentive approach allows the child to be affected by the factors that the mother avoids after a while and integrate it into her life.

Thus, the mother model, who avoids her child’s eyes, wants to see her child next to her all the time and take it into consideration. This situation is seen as an obstacle for the child to be alone and to establish his own spirit world. The fact that the mother is conservative and overprotective, wing stretching in every area can cause children to be alone with fears in the first place.

For this reason, mothers need to be sensitive about this issue. Another factor in the formation of school phobia is the new lives of children who move from the home environment to kindergartens and nests, and from there to school.

Fear of children being thrown out of the house!
Most parents don’t know, but taking children to home and nursery for the first time is the first step in their departure from home. Many children feel disconnected from their home at this age. Despite the warm environment of the house, nurseries and nests are quite cold and repulsive. Children often have a subconscious fear of being thrown out of the house.

Promises made by parents when raising a child, especially when feeding and not sleeping; I will give you to a cat, I will throw you to a monster, I will throw you on the street or in a garbage dump, also lead to the transformation of fears and fears into phobias in the progressive process of time in children. So, what kind of measures should be taken at this point?

What should be done if your child has a school phobia?
Having a school phobia in your child is not the end of the world. In this case, it is not right to be angry or angry with your child. Despite the school phobia, the most effective method is to value your child, trust, listen to him, not blame him, telling him that everything is just a process are the clearest steps you can take to gradually reduce the school phobia.

Advice to the families of children with school phobia
One of the methods that is effective in the formation of school phobia is the fact that the child who will go to school is not in any preparatory stage. So, first of all, an excitement should be created at home for children going to school. Knowing that the shopping is done for him gives the child self-confidence.
* Trying on school clothes bought at home, choosing notebooks and stationery materials together and preparing them together seriously affect school phobia.
• For the child who is taken to school, he should not be waited in front of the school yard in front of the door for more than 2 days.
• The mother or father who will drop the child off at school should pay attention to the sensitivity of school hours. Phobia cannot occur in children who come to school just on time and know that they will return home just in time.
• One of the biggest mistakes that families make is saying goodbye and hugging for a long time while dropping the child off at school. We should never do this. A smiling face in a routine way and reminding the child of the duty and responsibility of going to school is very important at this point.
• Family members’ activities during school time, entertainment, weddings, evening organizations, women’s activities in the form of days cause negative situations for children. For this reason, a child going to school causes people at home to code in his mind that he is going to have fun and he is going to an unnecessary place.

Psychology is a science that studies human behavior. It is a field of study that scientifically examines behavior and the processes underlying behavior…

Providing supportive and informative counseling services, our clinical psychologist aims to be a light for her clients to remove the obstacles in front of them in order to achieve the vision they dream for themselves in their lives, to accept themselves as a whole with the contrasts they harbor in them, and to facilitate life for them by providing guidance in crises encountered during transition periods of life (illness, loss, separation, decision-making, preparing and starting something new).

The areas served by the Psychological Counseling department of our hospital are as follows:

FOR CHILDREN:

Parental dependence

Self-distrust

Do not wet the gold at night

Fecal incontinence

Toilet training

Speech disorders

Finger sucking, nail biting

All kinds of fears

Stubbornness

Tics

Lack Of Attention

Hyperactivity Disorder

Communication Problems

Sibling jealousy

Separation of parents

Communication problems in the family

Preparing for the nest

Preschool education

School phobia

Special learning disabilities

Efficient study

Stealing, theft

Don’t lie

Eating disorders

Support for the development of emotional intelligence

Gifted children

Common developmental mental, physical disorders:

Autism

Asperger’s Syndrome

Psychological Tests

Developmental Tests

FOR ADOLESCENTS:

The search for identity

Family communication conflicts

Anger and resentment control

Depression

Suicide attempt

Lack Of Attention

Hyperactivity Disorder

Learning disabilities

School problems

Wrong habits

Relationships with friends, communication problems

Personality problems

Obsessions,fears

Tics

Stuttering

Eating disorders

Changing study habits

Exam anxiety

Support for the development of emotional intelligence

Psychological Tests

FOR ADULTS:

Developing attention

Communication problems

Stuttering

Obsessions,fears

Tics

Panic attack

Depression

Suicide attempt

Sleep disorder

Business problems

Wife choice, marriage problems

Preparation for childbirth with indoctrination

Problems of the pregnancy period

Post-divorce support program

Domestic problems

Personality problems

Wrong habits

Eating disorders

Problems of the menopausal period

Problems of old age

Death anxiety

Psychological Tests

Psychology aims to explain behavior. If a person learns the basic concepts of psychology, he will get to know himself better, an increasingly healthy, accommodating social structure will be formed.

Children are the Messages We Send to the Future that We will Never See

Nowadays, families with one child are increasing rapidly. Many families believe that control over an only child will be easier. The focus is on an only child and all the love interest is reflected on an only child.

When it comes to an only child, it is more feasible and easier for parents to pay attention to every behavior of the child, make plans, programs and take precautions for the child. However, unlike families with one child, it is very difficult for families with multiple children to pay attention and show care to each of the children separately.

How Should Families With More Than One Child Treat Their Children?

-Families with two or more children should first pay attention to showing equal love and equal attention to each of the children. Many problems between siblings can be caused by parents Decently paying attention to one child and too much to the other. Every child tends to compare himself with his brother, and therefore competition between siblings is possible. Dec. However, while there are rivalries, the equal and fair attitude of parents to children will determine the direction of the relationship Decoupled between siblings. Parents should not be the arbiters in the conflicts between siblings, the Deci-sion of the problem should be left to the children.

There are two things that a child will receive from parents. Love-interest and education. Every child has the right to receive the love and education given to him equally, the attention shown, and he wants to see this concretely. Therefore, parents should not evaluate the child depending on the child’s personal characteristics, success and motivation, they should give the achievements to their children unconditionally.

The Attention of the Family Is Important

-Responsibilities may vary depending on the personal and physical characteristics of each child. Although there are differences between children, the responsibility given to one child should not make the other feel bad. Dec. Children should be given equal responsibilities to each other and sharing and homework should be distributed equally.When a 7-year-old child is given the task of tidying his room, another 5-year-old can also be given the task of collecting toys.

-Parents should make all decisions jointly so that children do not experience contradictions. The child should see that there is a common Decisional mechanism between the parents.

-Parents should have knowledge about development and psychology for children at all age levels and should receive education if necessary.

-Children should rest separately. Apart from the sharing that the whole family will do together, mom and dad should take care of the children individually and listen to them. In families with more than one child, often a problem experienced by the child may not be expressed next to the other sibling. Sharing 15-20 minutes with each child individually will help the child to open himself up.

-A very strict method should not be applied when establishing discipline on children.
-Each child should be given equivalent rewards, and the quality and quantity of rewards should not change according to the children’s motivation and success.

-Empathy should be established with children and events should be viewed through their eyes, sharing should be done at the child’s eye level. Every child should be aware that he/she is treated with the same tolerance and should be able to express his/her thoughts freely.
-In some cases, it may be necessary to treat the child more sensitively and carefully due to some psychological or physiological problems. In such cases, an explanation of the situation should be made to the other brother or sisters and their cooperation should be requested when necessary.
-The whole meaning of brotherhood should be explained to children, and the importance of spiritual achievements, not material achievements, should be emphasized.

If all children are given adequate education, concrete attention and love, and the necessary responsibilities, communication between siblings will strengthen, and children’s self-esteem and self-confidence will increase in this direction. Dec.
When evaluating our children, we should not forget that they have their own world and we should respect their private lives.

Common Developmental Disorders are disorders that begin at birth or in early childhood, affect the period in which it occurs and later periods of development in many aspects and to a significant degree negatively. In YGB, the aspects of development that are particularly affected are language, adaptive behavior, communication and social skills, and the damage in this area is very pronounced and permanent. Cognitive (mental) development, on the other hand, is significantly retarded in most of the disorders found under this group. According to the DSM-IV classification system of the American Psychiatric Association, the main disorders found under this group are classified as Autistic Disorder, Rett Disorder, Asperger’s Disorder, Disintegrative Disorder of Childhood.

Asperger’s Syndrome

Asperger syndrome (AS) or Asperger’s disorder is one of the autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) defined by difficulties in social interaction and stereotypical interests and activities.

The name of Asperger syndrome comes from the Austrian pediatrician Hans Asperger. Asperger’s was defined in 1944 as children who came for treatment who had no nonverbal communication skills, could not empathize with their peers, and were physically clumsy. Fifty years later, AS has been recognized as an Asperger disorder in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10), and in the Diagnostic and Statistical Classification of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV).

A number of features found in autism are also observed in Asperger’s syndrome. However, although Asperger syndrome is considered a subgroup within the autistic group, it has its own diagnostic criteria.

What is the Difference between Asperger Syndrome and Autism?

While intelligence in Asperger Syndrome is mostly within the limits defined as ‘normal’, mental retardation (mental retardation) is more common in Autism cases.

While there is a wider and information-based area of interest in Asperger Syndrome, there are more monotonous areas of interest such as sorting and counting in Autism cases. In addition, there is no delay in language development in Asperger’s cases.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis is usually made between the ages of four and eleven. Dec. Neurological and genetic evaluation, tests measuring cognitive and psychomotor functions, verbal and nonverbal strengths and weaknesses, learning style and independent living skills are performed with the help of tests that measure.

According to the DSM-IV Diagnostic Criteria Manual created by the American Psychiatric Association, the following characteristics should be taken into account in order to diagnose Asperger’s Syndrome.

A. Qualitative deterioration in social interaction manifested by the presence of at least two of the following:

1. There is a significant deterioration in many nonverbal behaviors such as hand-arm movements made to provide social interaction, body position taken, facial expression worn, eye-to-eye contact

2. Inability to develop relationships with peers appropriate to their developmental level

3. Not being in search of having fun with other people, spontaneously sharing their interests or achievements (for example. For me to show, bring or specify the objects of interest)

4. Not giving social or emotional responses

B. The presence of limited, stereotypical and repetitive patterns of behavior in behavior, interests and activities manifested by the presence of at least one of the following:

1. Staying closed within the framework of one or more stereotypical and limited patterns of interest that are unusual in terms of the level of interest or focus on it

2. Strict compliance with specific, non-functional, habitually performed daily tasks or ceremonial forms of behavior without showing any flexibility

3. Stereotypical and repetitive motor mannerisms (e.g. finger clicking, hand clapping or twisting or complex whole body movements)

4. Don’t keep fiddling with pieces of stuff all the time

C. This disorder causes clinically significant distress in social, occupational areas, or other important areas of functionality.

D. There is no clinically significant overall delay in language development (e.g. individual words are used by the age of 2, sentences for communication are used by the age of 3).

E. There is no clinically significant delay in cognitive development or the development of age-appropriate self-sufficiency skills, adaptive behavior (other than social interaction), and environmental concern in childhood.

F. The Diagnostic Criteria for another specific Pervasive Developmental Disorder or Schizophrenia are not met.

Genetic Predisposition

It has been supported by many studies that Asperger Syndrome has a genetic basis.
In families with typical Asperger’s children, 14% of fathers and 4% of mothers were diagnosed with AS. When the families of autistic children were examined, 2% of parents and 4% of siblings were definitely diagnosed with AS.

The exact cause of AS is unknown.
There is strong evidence that Asperger’s syndrome can be caused by various physical factors that affect brain development. It is not due to emotional deprivation or the education provided by parents.

Treatment

Society should be informed about this issue before the trainings to be given. We should not label children and individuals who may exhibit such extreme behaviors because of their illnesses, and we should not consider them as ‘the other’, we should not exclude them. As a support, we should encourage them by motivating them in their achievements. People with Asperger’s syndrome often have average or above average intelligence. For this, a child with Asperger’s syndrome can go to a normal school. With the right support and encouragement, they can move forward, continue their education and get a good job. That being said;
-Auditory, Visual and Movement Methods

-The Focusing Attention Method

-Individual special education,
-Speech and language therapy,
-Family gatherings,
-Family education,
-Family psychotherapy sessions,
-The education of the people who take care of the child is extremely important for the treatment of the disease.

Among the people, the word that Decrees sentences such as “I have obsessions”, “I have obstacles that I am very obsessed with, I have negative thoughts that I cannot be” is obsessive compulsive disorder.

It is that individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder engage in involuntary repetitive movements in order to get rid of the thought in response to thoughts or impulses that come involuntarily, irritate, alien to their self, stubbornly renew themselves despite consciously trying to prevent it. The part we call obsessive is the thoughts that come involuntarily. Compulsive is an action performed in order to protect against this thought.

Although the person performs this regenerating action, the dose of the action increases for a decrease in their anxiety. A person experiences anxiety and internal unrest again for a long time after a short-term relaxation. However, when he repeats the previous behavior, he cannot relax in the same way. Now, when he repeats this behavior more, he can reach short-term relief. Unfortunately, this vicious cycle continues.

The Turkish word for obsession is obsession. The reward for compulsion is compulsion.

Obsessions and compulsions are a situation as old as the history of humanity. Initially, individuals do not consult a psychologist because the symptoms are mild. Some of them even hide this situation from their surroundings. Some have adopted this disease, which has lasted for years.

It is almost impossible to recognize a person’s illness unless he accepts it and brings it to a psychologist as a complaint. For these reasons, it is difficult to understand that you are bored in terms of research.

Although the age of onset is usually 18-25, it can be seen even in very young childhood. It starts at more interesting periods in men than in women. However, the case of contacting a specialist finds 10-15 years after the appearance of symptoms.

This situation puts individuals into difficulties in terms of time, material, diseases, family relationships and social life due to repeated behaviors, as well as extreme mental and physical fatigue due to the collision of two opposing thoughts within the individual. There is no deterioration in the cognitive abilities of these people. On the contrary, they are intelligent people with strong memories.

Individuals know that the thought that comes to their mind is irrational, but they feel an intense depressed boredom during the time they exhibit behavior that will free themselves from the thought.

There is a great indecision in these people. Ambivalence, that is, the state of Decadence, is when an individual stays between two positive and negative thoughts. In these doubts, the patient becomes extremely overwhelmed and overwhelmed by his surroundings.

In this case, the inheritance factor, biological causes, neurochemical condition, neuropsychological condition, autoimmune disorders of the individual, psychosocial factors, obsessions experienced in childhood and learnings are active.

Due to the multifaceted and extreme nature and the fact that individuals wait for a very long time until they arrive, the therapy processes in this ossified disease can also take a long time.

However, it is an inconvenience that can be corrected by maintaining the stability of the individual, coming to the sessions regularly, making a full contribution to the situations in which he should contribute during the session, and it is possible to continue a good state, a peaceful life.

If you see a similar example of this situation in yourself or around you, get help from a specialist or have it removed so that you can reach a faster result with an early diagnosis.

We wish you to live a life where there are no disturbing thoughts that prevent you from living in the moment…

Personality Tests
MMPI: It is a personality inventory that can be applied to individuals over the age of 16 and can make detailed and objective measurements.
TASTE: It is a projective personality test that can be applied to individuals aged 14 and older.
CAT : It is a projective personality test applied to children.
Louisa Duss : It is a special test consisting of semi-structured stories applied to children that can shed light on spiritual dynamics.
Draw A Person: It is a personality test that can perform personality analysis, provide detailed information about the child, and assist in the therapy process through a picture of a person drawn by the child.
Intelligence Tests
Porteus Labyrinths : It is a common intelligence test that measures a special form of intelligence applied to children and adults.
Alexander Practical Aptitude Test : It is a test applied to adolescents and adults that measures practical intelligence.
Catell 2 A : It is an intelligence test applied to high school children aged 7 years 6 months.
Catell 3 A : It is an intelligence test applied to individuals who have received university education.
Good Enough: It is a special kind of intelligence test in which the child’s intelligence can be determined by the human picture he draws.
Attention and Perception Tests
Bender Gestalt: It is a visual motor perception test that can be applied to individuals over the age of 8, which can give signs of organization, and where the level of organic functionality can be determined.
Benton Visual Memory Test: It is an attention and perception test that can be applied to individuals over the age of 8, can provide information about the individual’s attention, perception and memory status, and can detect attention deficit.​​​​​​​
School Maturity Tests
Metropolitan: It is a school maturity test that can be applied to children between the ages of 5 years 6 months and 6 years 0 months, measuring whether the child is ready to start primary school.
Frostig : It is a perception test that helps to evaluate children’s visual perceptions.​​​​​​​
Developmental Tests
Denver : This is an assessment of the development of children aged 0-6 years.
AGTE : It is a developmental test that evaluates the development of children aged 0-6 years and can answer whether development is normal or backward.
Peabody Picture Word Matching Test: It is a picture word matching test in which the receptive language age of children between the ages of 2 and 11 can be determined, which sheds light on speech Decencies and verbal expression.
Gessell : It is a developmental test in which the visual motor and perception development of children between the ages of 2 and 6 is evaluated. Dec.
Tests to Identify Psychological Problems
SCL-90 : It is an inventory that can address mental disorders in individuals in terms of many diseases, scan for existing mental problems.
Beck Depression Scale : It is a scale that can screen the symptoms of depression in an individual.
Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Scale : It is a scale that scans the symptoms of depression and anxiety in an individual and can reveal the severity and degree of these symptoms.

Don’t Be Afraid to Forgive
Forgiveness, tolerance of the crime committed-mistake, trying to be tolerated, forgetting or trying to be forgotten, is one of the most difficult virtues for a person to achieve, a very important concept that leads to inner peace.

Every person is hurt, broken by someone all his life. With the effect of that fracture, he starts to experience a lot of emotions at once. Anger, fear, resentment, maybe hatred…

These feelings may become stronger or decrease as soon as you experience this situation. But it gets complicated; you don’t know what you’re feeling either, some some. Those feelings that you can’t define start to make you feel strange. Maybe you feel too strong because you don’t forgive, you say to yourself, ‘I’m punishing you like this’. You think, ‘I won’t forgive so that he can’t do anything to me again,’ or you protect yourself from the dangers that may arise from new people in a way.

But maybe after a short, maybe a long time, you will realize that it is actually you who are being punished. The longer a person lives with anger and hatred, the longer he will not be able to heal. Maybe he takes a lesson from some things or the person wants it to be so, but the feelings of anger, hatred that a person harbors inside wear him down and prevent the wound from healing.

There are often situations when you wish that it was enough for me to forgive him, maybe in your life, no matter how you punish the other side, maybe that won’t be enough for you. But try to think about who is winning in the end. Neither you nor the other side. Just a feeling of anger and hatred. And maybe there are lost years most of the time. Parents who do not forgive their child, children who do not forgive their father and mother, tens or maybe hundreds of people who have not spoken to their brother for years, who pass by without greeting the neighbor they see on the road because their aunt is fighting… A person cannot forgive those who he misses the most, wants to see the most, loves the most, those he thinks will never get hurt. Isn’t that too much for a person, don’t strengthen your anger to punish yourself. Forgiveness is not a process that destroys pride, but the dignity of honorable people. What grudge can last forever, even if you are very angry, cried a lot, or even if you have not forgiven because of a misunderstanding, how long will you be able to bear the discomfort that this has created on you years later?

Forgive
Forgiving does not mean that you have forgotten what you have done. A person should also not forget that he is alive. But he should take a lesson, he should definitely learn.

Forgiveness requires a process. You can’t throw away the fatigue of days, months, years at once, you can’t put everything aside quickly. Face the feelings inside of you. Let both your soul and your body face it. Do not be afraid of them, they are yours too. Let go and say ‘I wonder’ too. Allow the process of forgiveness to begin within you.

Comfort Yourself, Forgive While You’re Still Alive
Share your feelings and thoughts sincerely and give the other party the opportunity to share them. Maybe one day you may find yourself in the same situation. Let the past stay in the past, strengthen yourself by looking forward. Do not dwell on the pain, the memories, the memories. Allow the positive emotions inside of you to be released. Believe in the power of love and trust.

Believe that you can Forgive.
Remember, what you have experienced, see them as an experience. When you forgive, you will see that your burden will be lightened, and maybe then you will be able to see the facts more concretely. What you couldn’t think at that moment, what the other side couldn’t think, all your other feelings. Believe in the healing power of time. Set yourself free. Now open a new window and believe me, life is not long enough to bear that anger. Even if it is impossible to see or talk to that person, forgive inside yourself. Even if he does not know, know that you forgive. Remember, every person needs a second chance.

Couples should first accept that there is no perfect and perfect relationship/marriage. Problems can occur in any relationship, what is important is how these problems are overcome and the willingness of both sides to solve the existing problem. But in some cases, when partners experience difficulties solving problems, they may need to seek support from a specialist.

So, When Should I Go to Couples Therapy?

➖Having communication problems Decoupled between couples,
➖Not being able to argue without harming the other party’s personality,
➖Feeling unhappy about your marriage/relationship,
➖Despair that your problems won’t get better,
➖Families’ interference in marriage/relationship and couples’ difficulty in drawing boundaries in this regard,
➖Anger control problems,
➖Infidelity problems,
➖Decrease in the interest and affection of couples towards each other,
➖Couples do not fulfill their responsibilities,
➖Sexual problems,
➖Situations such as frequent arguments and resentments can be considered among the main reasons for applying to couples therapy. Dec.

What are the Unrealistic Expectations in Couples Therapy?

To see couples therapy as a complaint authority and to assign the dominant role to the therapist.

Waiting for the therapist to make a decision on your behalf.

To expect that all problems will be solved in one session and not to ensure the continuation of the sessions. It should be remembered that couples therapy is a process, and it is very important for couples to participate in therapy regularly and do what they are asked to do in order to get positive results.

Intelligence testing is now very easy with WISC-R, the most popular intelligence test in the world. Especially conscious parents put their children to this test at certain December ages. It is very easy to do this intelligence test, which is very important for the future of children.The Group to Whom the Intelligence Test will be applied: The intelligence test is generally 6?it is applied for the 16 age group. This test is an individual test and is applied to one person in one session. The questions of each subtest are directed to the child in accordance with the instructions and the child is asked to answer these questions.Qualification and Training of Practitioners: Those who apply the measurement tool must have a certificate by participating in the educational life provided by official and private organizations and professional organizations related to this measurement tool, as well as a bachelor’s degree in psychological counseling and guidance, psychological services in education, and psychology.WISC ? R intelligence test ? it was also prepared for adults in 1939. This scale, which was briefly called W-B (Wechsler-Bellevue), was renovated in 1955 and its name was changed to WAIS(Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale). in 1949, the WISC (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) was developed by David Wecsler (1896-1981) and prepared for children aged 6-16, 11 years. This scale was revised and standardized in 1974, resulting in the WISC-R (Revised). Wechsler then prepared the WPPSI (Wechsler Intelligence Scale For Preschool Children) for preschool children aged 4-6 and 2. Although the age groups targeted by the Wechsler scales are different from each other, there are Verbal and Performance sections on all three scales. Each of the two sections consists of different sub-sections or scales from each other. The most important benefit of the new system introduced by Wechsler is to be able to see the child’s place among his peers and to be able to make some comparisons over time1. the WISC-R intelligence test, which is applied to individuals between the ages of 6-16, is applied individually in about 60-70 minutes. Dec.Performance Measurements in Intelligence test
A) Verbal 1- General Knowledge; It is a subtest that shows the level of knowledge about how much information the child receives from the natural environment, school environment and cultural environment.
2- Similarities; It is a subtest that shows whether the child can Decipher and generalize when establishing similarities between two things, as well as whether he can express it correctly.
3- Arithmetic is a time-limited subtest that shows the ability to direct attention to a problem and learn.
4- Vocabulary is a subtest that shows the number of words the child knows and the ability to express.
5- Judging is a subtest that shows the level of reasoning, reasoning, emotional and logical maturity.
6- Number Sequence; It is a subtest that shows the child’s ability to remember auditory stimuli.B) Performance1-Picture Completion; It is a subtest related to the ability to focus attention on visual stimuli. The child is asked to distinguish the missing details in the picture.
2-Image Editing; Perceiving the sequence of events, being able to establish a cause-and-effect relationship, is a subtest related to reasoning power.
3-Pattern with Cubes; Visual ? mobile ? it is a sub-test related to spatial coordination and the ability to predict Decently when going to the whole in the relationship between the parts.
4-Piece Joining is related to visual-mobile coordination, understanding the whole relationship of the piece.
5-Password; It is a sub-test related to working speed, visual mobile coordination, sequencing, psychomotor speed, remembering visual stimuli and concentration ability.
6-Mazes are a subtest related to hand-eye coordination, figure-ground perception. *The subtests of numbers and mazes are additional tests that help.Oct.Areas where Intelligence Testing is Used If we look at the areas where intelligence Testing is used specifically, these can be listed as learning disabilities, learning disorders, attention deficit, school failure, perception difficulties, introversion, exam anxiety, lack of self-confidence, communication difficulties, anxieties, aggression and stubbornness.